World War I was hailed by the
"Allies" England, France and later USA, as a "war to end
all wars". Alas, that was too optimistic and the
League of Nations that was founded at the peace treaty
collapsed in the 1930s because of a failure of the leading
countries to follow through. In May 1945 there was a new
start in the "United Nations." The UN deliberately
set itself restrictions to avoid being swamped.
The UN countries would try to prevent attacks by one
country on another, but not intervene in local
squabbles. But in the 1980s the USA and other
countries encouraged the break up of a UN country
Yugoslavia. In 2003 the USA intervened a founding
member of the UN, Iraq, contrary to the desires of the
UN and without (overt) support of any neighboring country. Having
dismembered Yugoslavia NATO helped Kosovo to break away from
Serbia. The effects of this are profound, both on
the US economy, and perhaps most important on the view of the
world's population about the policies of the United States.
It gave a precedent and encouraged Russia to
recognize breakaway regions of Georgia. Just as USA has
had the Monroe doctrine for over 150 years and likes to
control its neighbors, so Russia wants to control its
neigbours and resents the influence of countries in a distant
continent. The desire to control OIL
supplies is an unspoken but very much on the surface.
It has been so since Winston Churchill, as first
Lord of the (UK) admiralty bought a controlling interest in
the Anglo-Iranian oil company in 1912.
Yugoslavia was created by the Treaty
of Versailles originally as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, and by 1945 as a Federation. It must not
be forgotten that Russia supported the Serbs in July 1914 when
Austria (including Croatia and Slovenia at the time) attacked
bringing on WWI. In WWII the refusal of the young King
Peter to allow Hitler free passage of troops through
Yugoslavia led to occupation and a valiant
resistance. This delayed the Nazi attack on USSR
by 6 weeks, which was, perhaps crucial in allowing the
USSR to survive that terrible summer. A segment of
Croations formed the Ustashe which allied itself with Hitler
and slaughtered between 200,000 and 500,000 Serbs. After
the death of President Tito, who had kept the Federation
together for nearly 40 years, Serbs were trying to assert
themselves after many years of what many of them
considered to be Croatian (Tito) rule. Some countries,
members of the UN, started to be active in what has been
construed by others as an encouragement for the federation to
break apart. Of course the later atrocities committed by
ethnic Serbs, in Bosnia in particular, set much of the
developed world against Serbia and the federation did break apart
completely. But starting in the 1990s, a more
serious trend began. Much of the world turned against
Serbia itself as the Serbs struggled with dissension in a part
of Serbia proper - Kosovo. This resulted in a
bombing of Belgrade - the 3rd time Belgrade was bombed in half
a century. (1941 by the Nazis, 1944 by the Americans and
again in 1990s by NATO). Now in February 2008, a
unilateral Declaration of Independence has been declared in
Kosovo, without support of the UN security
council. Worse still it was immediately recognized by
many European countries and the USA who are, at least
technically, flouting the UN. This has set back the idea
of peaceful world approach to disagreements. It is
instructive to list the nations which have not recognized
Kosovo. They include Russia, Spain, and India which have
secessionist movements of their own. It is too
early to see how this will play out. The
opinion of one Harvard physics department staff member is
eloquently expressed on
his website. The Balkans, in the turmoil as
the Ottoman empire disintegrated, have been the site of
far too many excellent novels and plays - such as Bernard
Shaw's "Arms and the Man" (about the 1885 war) for anyone to
feel comfortable about the future. King
Alexander, in spite of intensive struggle in the 1920s, was
unable to get the people in his expanded country to agree and
he was assassinated in 1934 by a Macedonian activist,
allegedly acting with Croat separatists. The Serbs in
1941+ and more recently after 1985 have paid very heavily for
King Alexander's failure.
You may download a number of letters by Andree and Richard
Wilson sent to the President of the USA and to various other people including
newspapers .