аЯрЁБс>ўџ 35ўџџџ2џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС'` №П˜bjbjыШыШ .‰Ђ‰Ђ˜џџџџџџЄъъъъъъъў‚‚‚‚ Ž ўd2ІІІІІухххххх$–hўv ъ ъъІІл3 3 3 (ъІъІу3 у3 3 :+,ъъГІš qžј2Ъ‚ЉXW з 40daRt (tГtъГ$3   ) dўўў„‚ўўў‚ўўўъъъъъъџџџџ Risks and Communications Vasiliy Krivokhizha Preambule As is known, the mankind realizes and formulates problems only then, when and if the instruments and methods to cope with challenges exist. So, the interest over the past two decades in different aspects of modern terrorism may be considered as a basic key argument for mitigating international terrorism. This may be analyzed as a two-fold process: Mitigating the consequences of a terrorist attack, which include a wide range of questions starting from decision-making procedures, readiness of the technical basis, to the rule of mass media and public reaction to the attack. The other side of this approach is a prevention of CBRN terrorist acts. In the current world system, considering the globalization processes, it is not only a very complex problem, but a difficult one to solve, at least because a very dynamic development of the current world situation, actually in its transition period, is aggravated by the current economic crisis. So, among priority aspects of mitigating terrorism, the problem of risks and communications must be defined as a key one. Plus, one should not forget that the problem of terminology still exists, reflecting the existence of contending national interests. Terrorism itself, as well as security, has different interpretations, and the hierarchy of priorities may be different for different countries. Therefore, the first step to be taken should be an attempt – if we agree about the single science – to find common interpretations. The next step should be identified with some mutual elements for contingency planning. To reach an agreed understanding on the probability of risks means scientific elaboration of the problem on the scientific level as well as some mutual perception on governmental level. It seems rational to identify also some standard procedures of internal and foreign interaction. For example, considering the experience of large-scale industrial accidents, there is a necessity to overcome the tradition to keep in secrecy – especially in the initial period – the very fact of occurrence of an incident. To make a critical survey of the current channels of communication between the states, the so called ‘hotlines’, as well as a situation about previous risk reduction centers. The ability to evaluate the situation near real time may have a crucial role, including such aspects as a character of first information in the mass media, in maintaining the social stability and gaining public support contrary to terrorists’ expectations. We realize that the future analysis should differentiate between the impact of nuclear and radiological terrorist acts on the communication capabilities on both national and international level. In case of a nuclear terrorist act, the local communication systems may be damaged beyond repair, whereas in case of a radiological terrorist act such systems will likely remain physically undamaged, although may be ultimately compromised by the increased demand for information and subsequent overload. Among other problems, we believe that the following also deserves special attention: Adhesion to stricter distinctions between namely nuclear terrorism (explosion of a nuclear device) and radiological terrorism (dirty bomb) Distinctions between acts of terrorism against large public gatherings and industrial sites/critical infrastructure. There is a need to provide for a way to maintain communication channels – under various attack scenarios – between the government, public and scientific community. 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